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封面故事：地学幸存者效应模式图。在地质研究中, 两个因素有相关性就一定有成因联系？在富有机质黑色页岩中, 一般含不同数量的斑脱岩条带, 数量相对较多(具有相关性), 据此认为火山活动促进了生产力(具有成因联系)。 页岩中还发现有大量重力流现象, 认为重力流也可促进生产力。此外, 这种相关性现象很多, 如黑色页岩中有一些金属元素异常富集, 甚至形成大型矿产。研究发现, 较封闭的水体环境具有“庇护所”的作用, 能使这些物质相对富集, 且因水体安静, 可将重力流现象记录下来。相反, 开阔水体环境则不能。据此提出了地学幸存者效应, 认为这些因素可能只是地质历史中的幸存者, 具有相关性, 但没有成因联系。详见 本期695-710页。(图片提供: 毛小平)
Cover Story：A schematic diagram of the Geological Survivor Effect. In geological research, does the correlation between two factors necessarily imply a causal rela-tionship? In organic-rich black shales, there are generally varying numbers of bentonite bands, with a relatively large quantity (correlation). Based on this, it is assumed that volcanic activity enhanced productivity (causal relationship). Abundant gravity flows have also been observed in the shale, which is suggested to enhance productivity. Moreover, many correlation-related phenomena exist: some metal elements are anomalously enriched in shales, even forming large- scale mineral deposits. Research has found that relatively enclosed water bodies act as “refugia”, enabling the relative enrichment of substances. Meanwhile, the low-energy hydrodynamic regime in such settings facilitates the preservation of gravity flow records. In contrast, open water bodies lack this ability. Based on this, the Geological Survivor Effect has been proposed, suggesting that these factors may merely be survivors in the geological history, showing a correlation but lacking a causal connection. For details see pp. 695-710 of this issue. (Image by MAO Xiaoping).
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