| Underground space resources are important territorial space resources, which are widely distributed. The development and utilization of underground space resources under complex geological conditions involves “Water, Soil, Rock, and Gas”, as well as other aspects, which are the primary challenges affecting resource development. Scientific and reasonable detection, identification, and evaluation are key research directions for developing and utilizing underground space resources, which is of great significance for the sustainable utilization of underground space resources. With the strong support of the Editorial Department of Acta Geoscientica Sinica, this special issue comprises the exploration, identification, and evaluation of underground space resources under complex geological conditions, including urban underground space, groundwater, and geothermal resources. The research findings in this field can provide an important reference value for identifying and protecting underground space-related resources. |