| 金伯利岩: 地球深部探测的重要探针 |
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| 关键词:kimberlites diamond deep exploration typomorphic minerals petroprobe |
| 基金项目:中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目(编号: JYYWF20180101);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(编号: DD20160220; DD20190589; DD20190703);国家自然科学基金项目(编号: 41072073) |
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| Kimberlites: Important Probes for Deep Earth Exploration |
| Kimberlite is a kind of alkaline ultrabasic rock, derived from the deep mantle, rich in volatile and potassium, belonging to igneous rocks. Kimberlite mainly contains magnesium aluminum garnet, diamond, olivine, chromite, chromium diopside, magnesium ilmenite, zircon, carbonsilica and other rock forming minerals. Kimberlite is also considered to be the most important diamond-bearing rock. In this study, through literature research, the field shows that kimberlite contains deep-source inclusions. Kimberlite is mainly distributed in Russia, Botswana, Canada, Angola, South Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo and Namibia. Chinese kimberlites are mainly distributed in the North China Platform in Shandong, Liaoning, Jilin, Shanxi, Henan and Xinjiang. These kimberlites are often associated with deep faults and even deep mantle processes, often producing signature minerals such as olivine, garnet, magnetite, hydrocarbons, or hydrogen. However, diamond-bearing kimberlite is mainly distributed along the Tan–Lu fault zone, such as Wafangdian in Liaoning Province and Mengyin in Shandong Province. Look from age, ever think of early Paleozoic kimberlite and more were probably formed in early in the bottom of the lithosphere of north China platform, and in the Mesozoic cretaceous period under the background of large-scale lithosphere delamination geological with rapidly rising, especially those containing diamond kimberley intermediated-acidic tube is a typical representative of the rapid rise, The standard minerals are magnesium aluminum garnet, high chromium magnetite, perovskite and so on. The Wafangdian diamond-bearing kimberlite in Liaoning province is produced in the east of Tan–Lu fault zone and has the same petrological and mineralogical characteristics as the kimberlite of the same period. Among them, the diamond deposit represented by no. 50 rock pipe is an important strategic mineral in China. Diamond in kimberlite and many deep mantle information directly, brought Chinese Wafangdian diamond, darkened area from the upper mantle, while some boron blue diamond from the lower mantle, a sign of different layers of diamond with different minerals, olivine, for example: from the upper mantle diamond carry olivine olivine; The diamonds in the transition zone are mainly Wazilite and Ringwood stone. Bridgeman's diamonds in the lower mantle are important probes for deep exploration. |
| WANG Shi-an,ZENG Pu-sheng,LIU Si-wen,WEN Li-gang,LI Rui-zhe,ZHAO Jiu-jiang.2021.Kimberlites: Important Probes for Deep Earth Exploration[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,42(6):749-759. |
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