| 硫酸盐岩岩溶发育机理与有关地质环境效应 |
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| 引用本文：卢耀如,张凤娥,阎葆瑞,郭秀红.2002.硫酸盐岩岩溶发育机理与有关地质环境效应[J].地球学报,23(1):1-6. |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目:硫酸盐岩溶发育机理与环境演化效应研究(编号:49172144) |
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| 中文摘要:硫酸盐岩在中国分布很广泛，特别是石膏及硬石膏，其分布遍及各省、直辖市、自治区。中国硫酸盐岩岩溶的基本特性是：没有特殊的岩溶景观；大的洞穴系统难于在自然界中保存。但是，由于硫酸盐岩（石膏和硬石膏）和碳酸盐岩（石灰岩和白云岩）常共生沉积，文中进一步探索了二者的混合溶作用机理。研究中专门进行了一系列的溶蚀试验，以研究不同状态下石膏的溶解作用。试验结果表明，气候条件、热液作用对石膏岩溶发育有着重要的影响。石膏在盐水中的溶蚀量比在蒸馏水中要高2－3倍。硫酸盐岩中生物岩溶作用是非常重要原，包括石膏和硬石膏在有机物参与下，经厌氧的硫酸盐还原菌以及排硫杆菌的气化作用，都可加速对CaSO4的溶蚀作用。在所研究的样品中，都检测到这些可发生生物岩溶作用的菌类。根据硫酸盐还原菌还原生成H2S及排硫杆菌作用而降低水中pH值，表明细菌的岩溶作用也存在不同的程度。在研究硫酸盐岩岩溶作用机理的基础上，同时讨论了典型硫酸盐岩地区存在的岩溶塌陷、陷落柱、地面沉积及滑坡等地质灾害，以及人工加速诱发友酸盐岩地区地质灾害的实例。 |
| 中文关键词:硫酸盐岩 岩溶发育机理 地质灾害 |
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| Mechanism of Karst Development in Sulphate Rocks and Its Main Geo-environmental Impacts |
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| Abstract:Sulphate rocks are quite widely distributed in China; gypsum and anhydrite, in particular, have been found almost in all parts of China. Based on the description of the genetic types and distribution of sulphate rocks such as gypsum and anhydrite, this paper has probed into the mechanism of their karst development. The basic karst features of sulphate rocks in China are mainly as follows: ① no special karst landscapes of carbonate rocks are developed; ② large cave systems cannot be kept for a long period under natural conditions. The sulphate rocks (gypsum and anhydrite) and carbonate rocks (limestone and dolomite) are usually deposited together, and hence the mixed karst mechanism related to sulphate rocks and carbonate rocks is further discussed in this paper. A series of special dissolution tests were conducted for studying the karstification of gypsum under different conditions, and the results clearly indicate that the climatic condition and the thermal process have exerted important influence upon the gypsum karst development. The dissolution quantities of gypsum are 2～3 times higher in salt water than in pure water. The biogenetic karstification in sulphate rocks is very important, and the process includes the Desulfovibria and T. thioparus , which speed up the dissolution rate of CaSO 4. The bacteria related to the biogenetic karstification have been found in many samples of gypsum.On the basis of the H 2S quantities produced by desulfovibria and the pH values decreased by the T. thioparus , the degree of biogenetic karst precesses can be classified. Geohazards related to such karst activities of sulphate rocks as karst collapse, water invasion, land subsidence and collapse column in typical regions are also dealt with in this paper. |
| keywords:sulphate rock mechanism of karstification geohazard |
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