| 中国古生代广翅鲎类(板足鲎类)化石记录及评述 |
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| 引用本文：王嘉树,马知恒,薛进庄.2026.中国古生代广翅鲎类(板足鲎类)化石记录及评述[J].地球学报,47(5):1021-1033. |
| DOI：10.3975/cagsb.2026.070711 |
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| 基金项目:本文由自然资源部科技创新发展项目(编号: 102121191130000009001)、喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(编号: KST202501)和云南省基础研究计划项目(编号: 202601CI070103)联合资助。 |
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| 中文摘要:广翅鲎目(Eurypterida)是古生代一类重要的螯肢动物, 分布于海洋、潟湖及淡水环境。本文系统梳理了中国古生代广翅鲎类化石的研究历程、地层分布、分类组成及其古生物地理学启示, 对既有记录的可靠性与分类归属进行了重新评估。结果表明, 中国可靠的广翅鲎类实体化石记录可自上奥陶统延续至二叠系乌拉尔统, 但在时间和空间上极不均衡, 绝大多数集中于华南地区的志留系至下泥盆统。中国已正式发表的可靠记录至少涉及11科、12属及10个已命名种, 另有若干属种未定材料及1个相关遗迹种, 其中以广翅鲎亚目成员占绝对优势, 刺尾鲎亚目记录则极为稀少。对若干早期报道材料的复核显示, 湖北秭归志留系新滩组的四块曾被归为广翅鲎属和混翅鲎属的广翅鲎类标本均应暂列为存疑记录。古生物地理分析表明, 中国广翅鲎类在志留纪主要分布于扬子海周缘, 至早泥盆世其分布中心明显转向滇桂地区的华南海周缘, 这一迁移过程很可能与加里东期以来华南板块构造格局调整及海域收缩扩张密切相关。中国材料还表明, 冈瓦纳周缘并非广翅鲎演化史中的边缘区域, 而可能是多个类群辐射与扩散的重要地区之一。总体而言, 中国广翅鲎类化石记录不仅补充了全球广翅鲎化石数据库, 也为认识该类群的系统演化和古地理分布提供了关键证据。 |
| 中文关键词:广翅鲎目 古生代 华南板块 古生物地理 古生态 |
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| A Review of the Fossil Record of Eurypterids from the Paleozoic of China |
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| Abstract:Eurypterida were an important group of chelicerates in the Paleozoic, distributed in marine, lagoonal, and freshwater environments. This study systematically reviews the research history, stratigraphic distribution, taxonomic composition, and paleobiogeographic implications of Paleozoic eurypterid fossils from China, and reassesses the reliability and taxonomic validity of previously reported records. The results indicate that the reliable body-fossil record of eurypterids in China extends from the Upper Ordovician to the Cisuralian but is highly uneven in both temporal and spatial distribution, with the vast majority of occurrences concentrated in Silurian to Lower Devonian of South China. At present, the formally published and reliable Chinese records comprise at least 11 families, 12 genera, and 10 assigned species, in addition to several materials indeterminate at the generic or specific level and one related ichnospecies. Among these, members of Eurypterina are overwhelmingly dominant, whereas records of Stylonurina are extremely rare. Reexamination of several early reports shows that the four eurypterid specimens previously assigned to Eurypterus and Mixopterus from the Silurian Xintan Formation of Zigui, Hubei, should all be provisionally regarded as questionable records pending further evidence. Paleobiogeographic analysis suggests that Chinese eurypterids were mainly distributed around the margins of the Yangtze Sea during the Silurian, whereas by the Early Devonian their distribution center had shifted markedly to the margins of the South China Sea in the Yunnan–Guangxi region. This migration was likely closely related to tectonic reorganization of the South China Block and the contraction and expansion of marine basins since the Caledonian. At the same time, Chinese material indicates that the peri-Gondwanan region was not merely a marginal area in eurypterid evolutionary history, but may instead have been one of the important regions for the radiation and dispersal of several groups. Overall, the Chinese eurypterid fossil records not only enrich the global eurypterid fossil database, but also provide key evidence for evaluating the phylogenetic evolution and paleogeographic distribution of the group. |
| keywords:Eurypterida Paleozoic South China Block palaeobiogeography paleoecology |
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