| 中国流域尺度岩溶碳汇的时空分布格局及其主控因子 |
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| 引用本文：侯玉霞,黄芬,孙平安,肖琼,谢银财,张春来,于奭,刘欢.2026.中国流域尺度岩溶碳汇的时空分布格局及其主控因子[J].地球学报,47(4):895-910. |
| DOI：10.3975/cagsb.2025.111111 |
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| 基金项目:本文由国家自然科学基金项目(编号: 42277077)、广西重点研发项目(编号: 桂科AB24010154)、国家自然科学基金重点项目(编号: 42430712)、自然资源部科技战略项目(编号: 2023-ZL-23)和中国地质调查局地质调查项目(编号: DD20230547)联合资助。 |
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| 中文摘要:本研究针对当前中国岩溶碳汇研究中流域尺度评估不足的问题, 基于GEM-CO2模型和趋势性分析揭示了中国内流与外流流域岩溶碳汇的异质性特征, 通过相关分析定量研究岩溶碳汇与降水量、蒸散发、温度及植被净初级生产力(NPP)的相关性, 得出以下主要结论: (1)2001—2023年中国岩溶区年均碳汇强度(CCSF)为4.31 t C/km2/a, 年际总量(CSF)约为1.19×107 t C/a, 其中裸露型碳酸盐岩风化贡献最大(6.90×106 t C/a, 占比58.15%), 埋藏型和覆盖型分别贡献3.97×106 t C/a(33.43%)和1.00×106 t C/a(8.42%); (2)2001—2023年中国CCSF呈波动增加状态, 空间分异特征显著, 在中东部地区碳汇强度普遍呈上升趋势, 而西北部呈现显著下降态势, 中国CCSF整体表现为微弱增长(7.8 kg C/km2/a); (3)流域尺度分析显示, 外流区贡献 114.76×105 t C/a(占总量96.65%), 构成碳汇主体, 其中大部分区域CCSF持续增长; 内流区仅贡献 3.98×105 t C/a(3.35%), 且呈现普遍下降趋势; (4)降水是流域岩溶碳汇最主要的驱动因子, 降水、温度和NPP对CCSF的影响均表现出明显的区域异质性。本文揭示了流域碳汇的空间分异规律并分析岩溶碳汇与环境因子的关联机制, 为全国岩溶碳汇本底调查、潜力评估及固碳服务的国土空间规划提供精准的空间决策支持。 |
| 中文关键词:GEM-CO2模型 流域岩溶碳汇 内流区 外流区 影响因素 |
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| Watershed-scale Spatiotemporal Variability of Karst Carbon Sinks and Their Driving Factors in China |
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| Abstract:This study addresses the existing gap in watershed-scale evaluations of karst carbon sinks in China. Using the GEM-CO2 model and trend analysis, it reveals the heterogeneous characteristics of karst carbon sinks in China’s endorheic and exorheic basins. Correlation analysis quantifies the relationships between karst carbon sinks and precipitation, evapotranspiration, temperature, and net primary productivity (NPP). The key findings include: (1) The average annual carbonate carbon sink flux (CCSF) in China’s karst regions is 4.31 t C/km2/a, with an interannual total carbonate carbon sink flux (CSF) of approximately 1.19×107 t C/a. Bare carbonate rock weathering dominates the most (6.90×106 t C/a, 58.15%), followed by buried (3.97×106 t C/a, 33.43%) and covered types (1.00×106 t C/a, 8.42%). (2) From 2001 to 2023, CCSF in China showed a fluctuating upward trend, with notable spatial heterogeneity. The carbon sink intensity generally increased in central and eastern regions, but declined in the northwest. The overall trend indicates a modest increase (7.8 kg C/km2/a). (3) Watershed-scale analysis indicates that exorheic basins contribute 114.76×105 t C/a (96.65% of the total), forming the bulk of the carbon sink, with CCSF increasing in most areas. In contrast, endorheic basins contribute only 3.98×105 t C/a (3.35%), showing a widespread declining trend. (4) Precipitation is the primary driver of karst carbon sinks, though the impacts of precipitation, temperature, and NPP vary regionally. These insights support spatially targeted strategies of baseline surveys, potential assessments, and territorial spatial planning for carbon sequestration services. |
| keywords:GEM-CO2 model watershed karst carbon sink endorheic basin exorheic basin influencing factors |
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