| 水位上升背景下北京市泉流量动态及水化学成因研究 |
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| 引用本文：李鹏,卢忠阳,韩旭,侯超硕,何宝南,王新娟,董佩,刘殷.2026.水位上升背景下北京市泉流量动态及水化学成因研究[J].地球学报,47(2):348-360. |
| DOI：10.3975/cagsb.2025.111001 |
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| 基金项目:本文由北京市科技计划课题(编号: Z221100005222014; Z141100003614060; Z251100004525001)、北京市财政项目(编号: 11000022T000000440194)和北京市地下水环境监测与保护创新工作室项目(编号: 8181002)联合资助。 |
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| 中文摘要:泉水是北京市的重要自然资源, 在供给饮用、维护生态、点缀园林风景等方面发挥了巨大作用, 但针对泉水动态及成因的系统性研究程度较低。本文分析了水位上升背景下泉流量动态驱动因素, 并以203件水样为基础, 对泉水水化学形成机制进行了探讨。结果表明: 降水入渗补给增加、河流生态补水、南水北调水进京后地下水减采是泉流量恢复的主因, 岩溶大泉因而复涌。水化学特征主要受岩石风化作用控制, 蒸发结晶及大气降水影响较小, 岩溶泉水以碳酸盐岩风化为主, 裂隙泉水以硅酸盐岩风化为主。Ca2+、Mg2+、 HCO– 3、SO2– 4主要来源于碳酸盐岩和石膏的溶解, Na+主要来源于盐岩矿物的溶解, NO– 3主要来源于农业硝态氮肥料。192件泉水样品水质Ⅰ~Ⅲ类占比为89.07%, 而主要超标指标为TH、NO– 3、SO2– 4、CODMn。长时间序列水质对比发现水位上升尚未明显改变山区泉水质量。研究成果可为地下水资源合理利用、泉域保护提供依据。 |
| 中文关键词:北京市泉水 流量动态 水化学成因 水位上升 驱动因素 |
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| Study on the Discharge Dynamics and Hydrochemical Genesis of Spring Water in Beijing in the Context of Rising Groundwater Levels |
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| Abstract:As a vital natural resource, the spring water in Beijing has played a crucial role in supplying drinking water, maintaining the ecosystem, and enriching scenic landmarks. However, there has been no systematic research on the dynamic characteristics of spring discharge and hydrochemical properties. To address this gap, the driving factors of spring water discharge dynamics in the context of rising groundwater levels were analyzed, and the formation mechanisms of the spring water hydrochemistry based on 203 water samples were explored. The results showed that the increase in precipitation infiltration recharge, increase in river ecological water replenishment, and reduction of groundwater extraction after the South-to-North Water Diversion Project began supplying water to Beijing were the main driving factors for the recovery of spring discharge. The major karst springs have thus resumed flow. The hydrochemical characteristics of spring water were primarily controlled by rock weathering. The effects of evaporation, crystallization, and atmospheric precipitation were minor. Karst springs were mainly influenced by the weathering of carbonate rocks, whereas fissure springs were influenced by the weathering of silicate rocks. The Ca2?, Mg2?, HCO– 3 and SO2– 4 in spring water were mainly derived from the dissolution of carbonate rocks and gypsum. The Na? was mainly derived from the dissolution of salt rock minerals, and NO– 3 was from agricultural nitrate fertilizers. The percentage among 192 samples meeting the Class III standard was 89.07%, with the main noncompliant indicators being total hardness, NO– 3, SO2– 4, and CODMn. Rising groundwater levels have not yet significantly changed the quality of spring water in mountain areas. These findings provide a scientific basis for the rational utilization of groundwater resources and the protection of spring catchments. |
| keywords:spring water in Beijing discharge dynamics hydrochemical genesis rising groundwater level driving factors |
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