| 滇西洱源盆地高温热泉水文地球化学特征及其地质意义 |
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| 引用本文：张寿川,刘凯,杨扬,郑姝卉,张垚垚,刘晓煌,王路瑶,王家梁,刘书睿.2026.滇西洱源盆地高温热泉水文地球化学特征及其地质意义[J].地球学报,47(1):91-104. |
| DOI：10.3975/cagsb.2025.121611 |
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| 基金项目:由深地国家科技重大专项项目(编号: 2024ZD1004103)、中国地质调查局地质调查项目(编号: DD20221677-2)和中国地质科学院 基本科研业务费项目(编号: JKY202406; JKYZD202401; JKYQN202307)联合资助。 |
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| 中文摘要:洱源盆地赋存丰富的高温地热资源, 但地热水中氟离子含量普遍超标。为识别该区域高温热泉的水文地球化学特征与成因机制, 本文采集25组地热水样品, 通过水化学测试、同位素分析, 结合自组织映射神经网络聚类分析、水化学图解法及离子比例关系等方法开展系统研究。结果显示, 该盆地高温热泉温度为46.40~89.20 ℃, pH值为6.20~8.20, 总溶解固体含量326~1 197 mg/L, 水化学类型均为HCO?-Na型。地热水化学特征主要受水岩作用主导, 受硅酸盐岩溶解和阳离子交换作用影响。基于自组织映射神经网络分类结果分析高氟热泉成因机制, 得出氟离子主要来源于富氟矿物溶解, 富集过程与pH值、阳离子交换作用和竞争吸附作用密切相关。地热水主要接受大气降水补给, 补给高程为2 500~4 192 m, 循环深度为2 625~5 286 m, 应用石英温标法估算热储温度105~166 ℃。本研究揭示洱源盆地高温高氟地热水化学特征及成因机制, 为该区域地热资源高效开发利用提供理论依据。 |
| 中文关键词:高温热泉 水文地球化学 氢氧同位素 自组织映射神经网络 洱源盆地 |
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| Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Geological Implications of High-temperature Geothermal Groundwater in the Eryuan Basin, Western Yunnan |
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| Abstract:The Eryuan Basin is rich in high-temperature geothermal resources; however, excessive fluoride ion content has seriously restricted the development and utilization of these resources. The aim of this study was to analyze the hydrogeochemical characteristics and genetic mechanisms of high-temperature geothermal groundwater in the Eryuan Basin. A total of 25 geothermal water samples were collected. Based on hydrogeochemical testing and isotope analysis, self-organizing map neural network clustering, hydrogeochemical graphical methods, and ion ratio analysis were combined in this study. The average temperature of geothermal groundwater in the Eryuan Basin is 73.25 ℃, with a pH of 6.20–8.20, TDS of 326–1 197 mg/L, and hydrochemical type of HCO3-Na. The hydrogeochemical characteristics of geothermal water are dominated by water–rock interactions influenced by the dissolution of silicate rocks and cation exchange interactions. Based on classification results from the self-organizing mapping neural network, the genetic mechanism of fluoride-enriched geothermal groundwater was analyzed. The fluoride ions were found to mainly originate from the dissolution of fluoride-rich minerals, and the enrichment process was closely related to pH, cation exchange interactions, and competitive adsorption interactions. The geothermal water is mainly recharged by atmospheric precipitation in the eastern mountainous areas, with a recharge elevation of 2 500–4 192 m and circulation depth of 2 625–5 286 m. The quartz geothermometer method was used to estimate the geothermal reservoir temperature to be 105–166 °C. This study revealed the hydrogeochemical characteristics and mechanisms of high-temperature and high-fluoride geothermal water in the Eryuan Basin, providing a theoretical basis for the efficient development and utilization of geothermal resources in the region. |
| keywords:high-temperature hydrothermal spring hydrogeochemistry hydrogen and oxygen isotopes self-organizing map neural network Eryuan Basin |
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