| 断裂控制型地热流体成因机制研究进展 |
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| 引用本文：刘凯,张寿川,万力,张垚垚,史浙明,贾伍慧,闫金凯,张秋兰,王路瑶,任天翔,岳鑫蕊.2026.断裂控制型地热流体成因机制研究进展[J].地球学报,47(1):31-48. |
| DOI：10.3975/cagsb.2026.010711 |
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| 基金项目:由深地国家科技重大专项(编号: 2024ZD1004103; 2025ZD1011107)和中国地质科学院基本科研业务费专项(编号: JKY202406; JKYZD202401; JKY202511)联合资助。 |
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| 中文摘要:断裂控制型地热资源赋存特征受深大断裂带通道效应和控热作用主导, 涉及复杂的深部流体循环与水岩作用, 而当前对其“源-通-储”认知尚不完善, 制约了地热资源的精准勘探与可持续开发。本文基于地热资源补给来源、循环路径和热储特征综述断裂控制型地热流体成因机制研究进展。在补给来源识别方面, 系统评述氢氧、碳、稀有气体同位素示踪技术在地热流体补给端元识别与来源判别中的应用及局限性; 在水化学特征及主控因素识别方面, 通过水化学图解和离子比例关系探究水岩作用、阳离子交换作用和混合作用过程; 在热储评价方面, 对比分析水化学地热温标、多矿物平衡法、硅氯焓混合模型及机器学习方法在热储温度与循环深度估算中的适用性, 明确不同方法的误差来源与校正方法。当前断裂控制型地热流体成因机制的研究, 仍面临同位素具有多解性、复杂水岩作用定量表征不足及热储参数估算精度有限等挑战, 未来需通过构建多同位素联合示踪技术方法、发展多过程耦合数值模拟技术与可解释机器学习模型, 将为断裂控制型地热资源“源-通-储”耦合机制的精细刻画及可持续开发提供关键理论与技术支撑。 |
| 中文关键词:断裂控制型地热资源 水化学 同位素 水岩作用 热储温度 成因机制 |
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| Research Progress on the Evolution Processes and Genetic Mechanism of Fault-controlled Geothermal Resource |
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| Abstract:The characteristics of fracture-controlled geothermal resources are dominated by the channeling effect and heat-controlling role of deep-seated fault zones, involving complex deep fluid circulation and water-rock interaction processes. Research progress on the genetic mechanisms of fault-controlled geothermal fluids is reviewed based on recharge sources, circulation pathways, and geothermal reservoir characteristics of hydrothermal systems. Regarding the identification of recharge sources, the applications and limitations of isotope tracing technologies (e.g., hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and noble gases) for identifying fluid recharge endmembers and discriminating sources are systematically reviewed. In terms of circulation pathways, hydrochemical diagrams and ion ratios are employed to investigate water-rock interactions, cation exchange, and mixing processes, thereby revealing dominant interaction processes and fluid migration patterns in fracture-controlled geothermal resources. For reservoir evaluation, the applicability of hydrochemical geothermometers, multi-mineral equilibrium approaches, the silica-enthalpy mixing model, and machine learning methods for estimating reservoir temperatures and circulation depths is compared and analyzed, clarifying error sources and correction approaches for different methods. Currently, research on the genetic mechanisms of fault-controlled geothermal fluids faces challenges such as multi-solutionality, insufficient quantitative characterization of complex water-rock interactions, and limited accuracy in estimating geothermal reservoir parameters. In the future, developing integrated multi-isotope tracing techniques, advancing multi-process coupled numerical simulation methods, and constructing interpretable machine learning models will provide key theoretical and technical support for precise characterization of the coupled “source-pathway-reservoir” evolution mechanism and the sustainable development of fracture-controlled geothermal resources. |
| keywords:fault-controlled geothermal resource hydrochemistry isotopes water-rock interactions reservoir temperature genetic mechanism |
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