| 库车坳陷山前冲断楔中秋—迪北构造变换带形成机制——来自砂箱构造模拟实验的启示 |
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| 引用本文：孙晶,许安明,杨克基,罗浩渝,吕洺炎,漆家福.2025.库车坳陷山前冲断楔中秋—迪北构造变换带形成机制——来自砂箱构造模拟实验的启示[J].地球学报,46(6):1107-1118. |
| DOI：10.3975/cagsb.2025.022121 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(编号: 42072060) |
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| 中文摘要:中秋—迪北构造变换带位于库车坳陷中部的拜城凹陷与东部的阳霞凹陷的过渡部位, 是近年来在库车坳陷发现的含油气区带。油气勘探实践表明中秋—迪北构造变换带的油气圈闭与卷入走滑冲断-褶皱变形的中生界构造相关。本文基于三维地震资料解释结果分析了中秋—迪北构造变换带的中生界构造变形组合与岩层能干性的关系, 并通过砂箱构造模拟论证了中秋—迪北构造变换带的形成机制。研究表明, 中秋—迪北构造带是库车山前冲断楔中的构造变换带, 中生界塑性层厚度的差异是控制构造带形成的主要因素。中秋—迪北构造变换带西侧的拜城凹陷充填较厚的中生界, 且含有较厚的煤层、泥岩层等非能干岩层, 在南天山隆升及向南挤压过程中发育分层滑脱的冲断褶皱变形, 在非能干层中滑脱的冲断褶皱变形传播较远, 其前锋达拜城凹陷南部边缘的西秋构造带; 而阳霞凹陷的中生界较薄, 煤层、泥岩层等非能干岩层也较薄, 发育相对协调的冲断褶皱变形, 冲断褶皱变形向南传播相对较近, 其前锋消失在东秋—迪那构造带。中生界的厚度沿着中秋—迪北构造带变化, 这导致库车坳陷山前冲断楔内的逆冲断层发育NNE向的侧断坡、斜断坡, 由此调节拜城凹陷和阳霞凹陷冲断楔构造变形的差异; 受主断坡、侧断坡或斜断坡控制的与逆冲断层、走滑逆冲断层相关的背斜构造是中秋—迪北构造变换带的主要构造圈闭样式。 |
| 中文关键词:冲断褶皱系 构造变换带 构造物理模拟 中秋—迪北构造变换带 库车坳陷 |
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| Formation Mechanism of the Zhongqiu–Dibei Structural Transformation Belt of the Thrust Wedge in the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin: Implications from the Sandbox Structure Simulation Experiment |
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| Abstract:There are abundant oil and gas resources in the Mesozoic–Cenozoic continental sedimentary layer of the Kuqa Depression of the Tarim Basin. The NNE-trending Zhongqiu–Dibei structural transformation belt, located in the transition zone between the Baicheng Sag in the middle of the Kuqa Depression and the Yangxia Sag in the east, is an oil-bearing zone discovered in the Kuqa Depression in recent years. Exploration shows that the oil and gas traps in the Zhongqiu–Dibei structural transformation belt are related to Mesozoic structures involved in strike-slip thrust-fold deformation. In this study, the relationship between the Mesozoic structural deformation assemblage and the competency of the strata was analyzed based on the interpretation results of 3D seismic data and the formation mechanism of the Zhongqiu–Dibei structural transformation belt was demonstrated through the simulation of the sandbox structure. The results showed that the Zhongqiu–Dibei structural belt is a structural transformation belt in the thrust wedge of the Kuqa foreland and differences in the thickness and competency of the Mesozoic strata are the main factors controlling the formation of the structural belt. The Baicheng Sag on the western side of the Zhongqiu–Dibei structural transformation belt is filled with thick Mesozoic strata and contains thick coal seams, mudstone, and other incompetent rocks. During the uplift and southward pressing of the southern Tianshan Mountains, the thrust-fold deformation that developed in the Mesozoic interior spread further by detachment deformation in incompetent strata and its front reached the Xiqiu structural belt on the southern edge of the Baicheng Depression. However, in the Yangxia Sag, with thinner Mesozoic strata and a lack of thicker incompetent strata, coordinated thrust fold deformation developed and the thrust-fold deformation spread relatively near and disappeared in the Dongqiu–Dina structural belt. The differences in the thickness and competency of strata combination characteristics in the Mesozoic along the Zhongqiu–Dibei structural belt dominated the development of the NNE-trending lateral and oblique ramps in the thrust wedge of the Kuqa Depression, which transferred the difference in thrust wedge structural deformation between the Baicheng and Yangxia depressions. Thrust faults and strike-slip thrust-related anticlinal structures controlled by the main ramp and lateral or oblique ramps are the main structural trap styles in the Zhongqiu–Dibei structural transformation belt. |
| keywords:thrust fold system structural transformation belt structural physics simulation Zhongqiu–Dibei structural transformation belt Kuqa Depression |
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