| 桂西百色平那钨锡矿床的发现及意义 |
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| 引用本文：肖昌浩,韦昌山,陈正乐,毛承安,于萍萍,刘向冲,李兴鹏,乐兴文,杨富强,胡嘉修,张文高,张宇,卢胜辉,申玉科.2025.桂西百色平那钨锡矿床的发现及意义[J].地球学报,46(6):1051-1066. |
| DOI：10.3975/cagsb.2025.083011 |
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| 基金项目:中国地质调查局地质调查项目(编号: DD20240127; DD20230344; DD20190161)；深地国家科技重大专项(编号: 2024ZD1001701);中国地质科学院地质力学研究所所长基金项目(编号: DZLXJK202521);广西壮族自治区地质矿产勘查开发局部门预算前期地质勘查项目(编号: 桂地矿地[2023]21号) |
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| 中文摘要:构造变形与成矿作用的耦合机制是成矿动力学和矿产勘查领域的核心难题。研究表明, 构造复合叠加常造成复杂的物质组成和结构, 是形成大而富矿的重要因素。南盘江—右江成矿带是我国重要的锡成矿带, 探明Sn＞300万t。成矿带变形复杂, 构造样式繁多, 是创新构造控矿理论和实现钨锡矿找矿突破的理想场所。本研究应用地质力学理论指导, 通过7年的产学研联合攻关, 综合应用多尺度矿田构造调查、大比例尺地球物理与地球化学测量、山地工程及机械岩心钻探等手段, 首次在桂西厚碎屑岩区发现平那钨锡矿床。通过典型矿床构造精细解析、矿床解剖、年代学和成矿流体特征分析, 揭示平那矿床为与深部隐伏长英质岩体有关的晚白垩世岩浆热液钨锡矿床。该发现证实了1:20万田林幅在潞城—龙川钨锡成矿区圈定钨锡重砂异常区的有效性。同时, 项目组首次在隆林—西林锑金矿集区发现在成矿早阶段发育一期白云母-锡石-石英成矿作用, 暗示西林—隆林—田林—百色断裂带具有进一步开展钨锡勘查的潜力。通过对比广西大厂锡矿田成矿模型, 认为平那矿床具有与大厂矿田一致的容矿构造演化、容矿岩石组合及成矿时代, 平那矿床有成为“第二个大厂”锡矿田的潜力。平那矿床的发现揭示右江巨型锡矿带形成于盆地尺度或区域尺度的张扭性构造环境, 而非局部伸展构造环境。平那矿床的发现促进对锡成矿构造环境的理解。平那矿床的找矿突破证实了沉积碎屑岩可作为钨锡矿床重要的容矿载体, 并进一步佐证泥盆系地层不是丹池成矿带锡多金属成矿的主控因素。基于上述成果, 桂西右江—田林钨锡重点调查区已具备升级为重点勘查区的条件, 有望成为继“广西河池南丹锡锑多金属矿大型资源基地”后的又一钨锡矿大型资源基地。同时, 该发现启发了桂西地区向中高温岩浆热液型矿床勘查的新思路, 为广西新一轮找矿突破战略行动工作部署提供重要的科学依据。 |
| 中文关键词:百色平那钨锡矿床 矿田构造 晚白垩世 大厂矿田 南盘江—右江成矿带 华南 |
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| The Discovery and Significance of the Pingna Tungsten-tin Deposit in Baise, Western Guangxi, South China |
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| Abstract:The coupling mechanism of structural deformation and mineralization remains a central challenge in metallogenic dynamics and mineral exploration. Research shows that structural superimposition and compounding often result in complex material compositions and structures, which are critical factors in the formation of large and high-grade ore deposits. The Nanpanjiang–Youjiang metallogenic belt in South China is a major tin belt, with proven Sn resources exceeding 3 million tonnes. Characterized by complex deformation and diverse structural styles, this belt provides an ideal setting for innovating structural ore-controlling theories and achieving breakthroughs in W-Sn exploration. Guided by geomechanical theory, this study employed a seven-year integrated industry-academia-research collaborative approach. Through multi-scale ore-field structural mapping, large-scale geophysical and geochemical surveys, as well as trenching and mechanized core drilling verification, we first discovered the Pingna W-Sn deposit within thick clastic rocks of western Guangxi. Detailed structural analysis, deposit dissection, geochronology, and ore-forming fluid studies reveal that the Pingna deposit is a Late Cretaceous magmatic-hydrothermal W-Sn deposit genetically related to a deep-seated concealed felsic intrusion. This discovery confirms the validity of the W-Sn heavy mineral anomalies delineated in the Lucheng–Longchuan metallogenic district on the 1:200 000 Tianlin Sheet ge-ological map. We first recognized an early-stage muscovite-assiterite-quartz mineralization event within the Longlin–Xilin Sb-Au ore cluster, suggesting significant potential for further W-Sn exploration along the Xil-in–Longlin–Tianlin–Baise fault zone. Comparative analysis with the metallogenic model of the Dachang Sn ore district demonstrates that Pingna shares consistent host structural evolution, host rock assemblages, and ore-forming age, indicating its potential to become the second “Dachang-type” Sn ore district. The discovery of Pingna reveals that the formation of the Nanpangjiang–Youjiang Sn belt occurred in a basin- or regional-scale transtensional en-vironment, rather than local extensional settings, significantly advancing our understanding of Sn metallogenic tectonic settings. This exploration breakthrough demonstrates that thick sedimentary clastic rocks can serve as im-portant hosts for W-Sn deposits and further corroborates that Devonian strata are not the primary controlling factor for Sn polymetallic mineralization in the Danchi metallogenic belt. Based on these results, the Youjiang–Tianlin W-Sn key investigation area in western Guangxi is now qualified for upgrading to a key exploration zone, with the potential to become a major W-Sn resource base. Furthermore, this discovery inspires a new exploration direction for medium- to high-temperature magmatic-hydrothermal deposits in western Guangxi, providing a crucial scientific foundation for implementing Guangxi’s new round of Strategic Action for Mineral Exploration Breakthrough. |
| keywords:Pingna W-Sn deposit in Baise ore-field structure Late Cretaceous Dachang district Nanpanjiang– Youjiang metallogenic belt South China |
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