| 中国钽矿资源特征和勘查开发利用现状 |
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| 引用本文：丁建华,蒋宗胜,毕珉烽,叶会寿.2025.中国钽矿资源特征和勘查开发利用现状[J].地球学报,46(5):954-964. |
| DOI：10.3975/cagsb.2025.082701 |
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| 基金项目:国家科技基础调查专项项目(编号: 2022FY101705)；国家科技重大专项(编号: 2024ZD1002003);地质调查项目(编号: DD20230205906; DD20230305) |
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| 中文摘要:钽因其具有熔点高、延展性和韧性好、热膨胀系数小、耐腐蚀等优良性能, 而成为我国乃至全球经济高质量发展过程中至关重要矿产之一。本文基于矿产资源国情调查和共伴生、低品位资源再评价成果, 结合前人研究, 总结分析了我国钽矿资源特征、勘查和开发利用情况, 对钽产业链发展现状进行了梳理和总结。我国钽矿床类型主要有钠长花岗岩型、伟晶岩型、碱性岩型、碳酸岩型、蚀变岩型、风化壳型和砂矿型。其中钠长花岗岩型和伟晶岩型是最主要的矿床类型。文章总结了我国钽矿的时空分布规律, 划分了16个钽成矿带; 我国钽矿的勘查程度相对较高, 资源禀赋较差, 正在被开发利用的钽矿床很少; 钽矿山仅占用了少量的钽资源量, 只有20%钽矿山处于在产状态, 钽矿资源的实际利用率很低。我国的钽产业链覆盖虽然完整, 但发展并不均衡, 上游原材料采选环节劣势明显。文章建议: 保障供给可通过加强综合利用, 促进钽资源的开发; 增加勘查投入, 寻找新的资源, 促进探转采; 用好海外矿业市场, 提前谋划原料储备。 |
| 中文关键词:钽矿床 资源特征 开发利用现状 钽产业链 |
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| Characteristics, Exploration, Development and Utilization Status of Tantalum Resources in China |
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| Abstract:Tantalum possesses excellent properties such as high melting point, good ductility and toughness, low coefficient of thermal expansion, and corrosion resistance. Based on the results of national survey of tantalum resources, re-evaluation of associated and low-grade deposits, and previous studies, this paper summarizes and analyzes the characteristics, exploration, development, and utilization of tantalum in China, as well as the development status of the lithium industry chain. Tantalum deposits in China can be classified into seven types: albite granite, pegmatite, alkaline rock, carbonatite, altered rock, weathering crust, and placers. Among these, albite granite and pegmatite types are the most important. This study summarizes the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of tantalum deposits in China and divides them into 16 distinct tantalum metallogenic belts. Although the exploration level of tantalum deposits in China is relatively high, the overall resource endowment is poor, and few deposits are actively mined. Currently, 11% of tantalum resources are covered by mining licenses. Among them, only 20 % of the mines are in production. As a result, the utilization rate of tantalum resources remains low. In China, coverage of the tantalum industry chain is complete, but the development patterns are unbalanced. In particular, the upstream raw material selection process has obvious disadvantages. To ensure a stable supply, the development of tantalum resources can be promoted by strengthening comprehensive utilization. Exploration investment should be increased to identify new resources and promote exploration for mining. Strategic use of overseas mining markets and advance planning for raw material reserves are recommended. |
| keywords:tantalum deposit resource characteristic current exploration situation industry chain of tantalum |
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