| 蓄水条件下抚顺西露天矿边坡变形失稳与涌浪强烈程度分析 |
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| 引用本文：吴季寰,李旭光,张艳飞,马天宇,石绍山,臧延庆,邹君.2025.蓄水条件下抚顺西露天矿边坡变形失稳与涌浪强烈程度分析[J].地球学报,46(2):419-428. |
| DOI：10.3975/cagsb.2024.052201 |
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| 基金项目:中国地质调查局地质调查项目“辽东山地丘陵区典型地区地质灾害精细调查与风险管控”(编号: DD20230437)；沈阳市中青年科技创新人才支持计划项目“多源地学数据驱动的多层次区域地壳稳定性研究”(编号: RC220450)；沈阳地调中心主任基金项目“基于多场耦合技术的辽东山地丘陵区典型露天矿边坡变形演化机制现场监测研究”(编号: SJ202302) |
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| 中文摘要:潜在矿山地质灾害隐患的准确识别是做好矿区地质环境综合治理的先导。本文在抚顺西露天矿停采后或将面临蓄水成湖修复的背景条件下, 采用数值模拟手段, 结合地质调查和岩土试验结果分析了蓄水条件下矿区潜在边坡地质灾害的发生部位、变形破坏特征和次生涌浪强烈程度, 并通过比较不同填土高度下隐患边坡的稳定性, 提出了填-蓄工程优化建议。研究表明, 在–150 m回填高程和–50 m蓄水位工况下, 泥页岩软化及顶部断层活化诱发矿坑北帮边坡整体滑移沉陷变形, 中下段约133.42×104 m3的岩土体局部失稳破坏, 形成大型牵引式岩质切层滑坡。滑体入水引发涌浪, 最大浪高约11.8 m, 沿岸最大爬高约15.3 m, 使北帮局部不稳定边坡、蓄水湖及外延11.6~30.6 m范围均处于滑坡-涌浪极高强烈程度区。对比发现, 将矿坑填土高度调整为–100 m后再蓄水至–50 m, 可尽量满足矿山修复的地质安全性(F>1.3)和经济可行性要求。研究结果可为矿区后续的地质灾害风险防控和地质环境修复治理提供参考。 |
| 中文关键词:抚顺西露天矿 矿坑蓄水 边坡稳定性 变形破坏 涌浪 数值模拟 |
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| Analysis of Deformation, Instability, and Intensity of the Secondary Impulse Wave of Slope in the Fushun West Open-pit Mine under Water Storage Conditions |
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| Abstract:Accurate identification of potential mining geological hazards is essential as a precursor to comprehensive treatment of the geological environments in mining areas. The Fushun west open-pit mine may face restoration of water impoundment and lake formation after stopping mining. In this study, geological surveys, geotechnical tests, and numerical simulations were conducted. The occurrence location, deformation and failure characteristics, and intensity of the secondary impulse waves of potential slope geological disaster underwater storage conditions were analyzed. Additionally, optimization suggestions for filling and storage engineering were proposed by comparing the stability of key slopes under various backfill conditions. The results indicate that backfilling to –150 m followed by water storage to –50 m in the mine pit, in the softening of mudstone and shale, along with the activation of faults, leading to an overall sliding-subsidence deformation of the north slope. About 133.42×104 m3 of rock mass in the lower middle part of the northern slope became unstable and failed, forming a large-scale traction-type cutting-layer rocky landslide. The sliding mass entered the water, causing an impulse wave. The maximum impulse wave height in the lake was 11.8 m, and the maximum wave height was 15.3 m along the coast. Therefore, the local unstable north slope, the impounding lake, and its extension within 11.6– 30.6 m are categorized as an extremely high-intensity zone of landslide and surge disasters. By comparison, adjusting the height of the pit fill to –100 m and by water storage to –50 m can effectively meet both geological safety (F>1.3) and economic feasibility for mine rehabilitation. This study provides valuable insights for mitigating geological disaster risks, restoration, and treatment of geological environments in mining areas. |
| keywords:Fushun west open-pit open pit mine impoundment slope stability deformation and failure impulse wave numerical simulation |
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