| 中国镓矿分布规律、成矿机制及找矿方向 |
| 点此下载全文 |
| 引用本文：罗培麒,付勇,唐波,姚兰,刘国栋,潘忠飞,龙珍,刘阳.2023.中国镓矿分布规律、成矿机制及找矿方向[J].地球学报,44(4):599-624. |
| DOI：10.3975/cagsb.2023.030901 |
| 摘要点击次数: 2086 |
| 全文下载次数: 4110 |
|
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(编号: 2021YFC2900092);中国地质调查局“中国矿产地质调查”项目(编号: DD20160346; DD20190379; DD20221695);国家重点研发计划项目(编号: 2021YFC2901905);贵州省重大科技工程项目(编号: HZ-2022-006#);贵州省人才基地项目(编号: RCJD-2018) |
|
| 中文摘要:金属镓资源是我国优势资源, 但随着国内外需求量不断增大, 我国金属镓的后备资源逐步短缺。本文系统搜集了我国富镓矿床研究和勘查成果资料, 初步总结了我国富镓矿的分布规律、成矿机制和找矿方向。研究认为, 我国镓矿主要伴生在铝土矿、煤矿和铅锌矿之中, 以铝土矿中伴生镓最为重要。依据不同成矿作用将我国具有工业价值的富镓矿床划分为沉积型铝土矿、堆积型铝土矿、红土型铝土矿、煤矿床和碳酸盐岩型(MVT)铅锌矿等5种伴生镓矿床类型, 并总结了不同类型镓矿床的时空分布规律。时间上, 我国富镓矿床在元古宙、古生代、中生代和新生代均有发育, 以石炭纪—三叠纪、侏罗纪—白垩纪和第四纪为主。其中, 富镓铝土矿主要形成于石炭纪、二叠纪和第四纪, 以石炭纪最为重要; 富镓铅锌矿主要形成于震旦纪和寒武纪; 富镓煤矿主要形成于石炭纪和二叠纪。空间上, 我国富镓矿床主要分布在晋豫成矿区、右江成矿区、扬子陆块西南成矿区、川—滇—黔成矿带、湘西—鄂西成矿带、湘东—赣西成矿带和华北陆块北缘成矿区等7个区带中。不同类型富镓矿床的成矿机制不同, 一般在风化-沉积作用下形成富镓铝土矿, 镓与铝常以类质同象形式存在; 在生物化学沉积作用下形成富镓煤矿, 镓常以无机态、有机态和混合形式存在, 在我国多以无机态的形式赋存于勃姆石、硬水铝石等矿物中; 在热液作用下形成富镓铅锌矿, 镓可能以类质同象形式进入以闪锌矿为主的硫化矿物晶格中。根据不同镓矿的成矿作用、富集过程和地质背景, 建立了煤矿、铅锌矿和铝土矿中镓富集成矿的理想模型, 并对铝土矿、煤矿和铅锌矿中伴生镓矿进行了找矿预测, 提出了找矿方向和重点找矿区域, 其中以沉积型、堆积型铝土矿的找矿为主攻方向, 并可兼顾煤矿和铅锌矿等其他伴生镓矿床。 |
| 中文关键词:镓 铝土矿 煤矿 铅锌矿 成矿区带 找矿方向 |
| |
| Distribution, Metallogenic Mechanism and Prospecting Direction of Gallium Deposits in China |
|
|
| Abstract:Gallium metal resources are dominant resources in China, but gallium reserves in China are gradually declining with increasing global demand. This study systematically collected the research and exploration results pertaining to gallium-rich deposits in China and preliminarily summarized the distribution, metallogenic mechanisms, and prospecting directions of gallium-rich deposits in China. The results indicated that gallium ore in China is mainly associated with bauxite, coal, and lead-zinc mining, with gallium in bauxite being the most important. According to the different modes of mineralization, gallium-rich deposits of industrial value in China can be divided into five types of associated deposits, sedimentary bauxite, accumulative bauxite, lateritic bauxite, coal mine deposits, and Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) lead-zinc deposits. The spatiotemporal distributions of these different types of gallium deposits were summarized. In terms of time, gallium-rich deposits in China developed in the Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic, but mainly in Carboniferous–Triassic, Jurassic–Cretaceous, and Quaternary. Among these, gallium-rich bauxite mainly formed in the Carboniferous, Permian, and Quaternary, with the Carboniferous period being the most important. Gallium-rich lead-zinc deposits mainly formed in the Sinian and Cambrian periods. Gallium-rich coal mines mainly formed in the Carboniferous and Permian periods. Spatially, the gallium-rich deposits in China are mainly distributed in seven zones: the Jin–Yu metallogenic zone, Youjiang metallogenic zone, southwest metallogenic zone of the Yangtze landmass, Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou metallogenic zone, western Hunan–West Hubei metallogenic zone, eastern Hunan–West Jiangxi metallogenic zone, and the northern margin of the North China landmass. The different types of gallium-rich deposits have different metallogenic mechanisms. Generally, gallium-rich bauxite forms under weathering and sedimentation. Gallium and aluminum often exist in isomorphic forms. Gallium-rich coal mines form as a result of biochemical deposition. The gallium often exists in inorganic, organic, and mixed forms. In China, it is mainly hosted in inorganic form within boehmite, diaspore, and other minerals. Gallium-rich lead-zinc ore forms from hydrothermal fluids. Gallium in these deposits often substitutes within the lattice of sulfide minerals, dominantly sphalerite. Based on the mineralization, enrichment processes, and geological backgrounds of the different gallium deposits, this study established ideal models of gallium-rich deposits and integrated ores in coal mines, lead-zinc mines, and bauxite and considered the prospects of these deposits. Prospecting directions and key prospecting areas were proposed. The prospecting of sedimentary and accumulative bauxite should be the main direction, but other associated gallium deposits such as those of coal mines and lead-zinc mines can be considered. |
| keywords:gallium bauxite coal mine lead-zinc mine mineralization zone prospecting direction |
| 查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
|
|
|
|
|
