| 流域尺度岩溶碳循环过程——“岩溶作用与碳中和”专栏特邀主编寄语 |
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| 引用本文：李强.2022.流域尺度岩溶碳循环过程——“岩溶作用与碳中和”专栏特邀主编寄语[J].地球学报,43(4):421-424. |
| DOI：10.3975/cagsb.2022.050701 |
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| 中文摘要:2020年9月22日, 习近平主席在第七十五届联合国大会一般性辩论上承诺, 中国力争于2030年前达到CO2排放峰值, 努力争取2060年前实现碳中和。中国的碳达峰与碳中和战略, 不仅是全球气候治理、保护地球家园、构建人类命运共同体的重大需求, 也是中国高质量发展、生态文明建设和生态环境综合治理的内在需求。碳中和战略涉及深度社会经济发展转型, 以期实现低碳甚至零碳排放和基于技术变革的增汇目标, 是面向可持续发展的重大机遇。碳酸盐岩是岩溶发育的物质基础, 不但记录着地球历史时期的环境变化, 而且还是地球最大的碳库, 对地球大气和生命演变起到重要的作用。据统计, 现代全球岩溶分布面积2200万km2, 占陆地面积的15%, 其中中国岩溶面积达344万km2, 约占全球岩溶总面积的15.6%。在水-二氧化碳-碳酸盐岩-生物的相互作用下, 岩溶碳循环活跃, 在全球形成0.824 Pg C/a的岩溶碳汇, 约占全球“遗漏汇”的29.4%。鉴于岩溶作用对全球碳循环具有重要的作用和影响, 2021年中国出台的《中共中央国务院关于完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念做好碳达峰碳中和工作的意见》和《国务院关于印发2030年前碳达峰行动方案的通知》均明确提出要巩固提升岩溶碳汇能力。然而, 岩溶碳汇的流域尺度效应及其稳定性机理还不十分清晰, 以至于岩溶碳汇研究存在不确定性问题。为揭示流域尺度岩溶碳汇效应以及岩溶碳汇的稳定性问题, 明确岩溶作用与碳中和的耦合关系, 助力碳达峰、碳中和目标的实现, 《地球学报》组织了“岩溶作用与碳中和”专栏。 |
| 中文关键词:岩溶作用 碳循环 碳中和 流域尺度 |
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| Karst Carbon Cycle Process at Watershed Scale:Guest Editor’s Preface to “Karst Process and Carbon Neutralization” |
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| Abstract:At the general debate of the 75th Session of the United Nations General Assembly on September 22, 2020, President XI Jin-ping announced that China would scale up its Nationally Determined Contributions by adopting more vigorous policies and measures, strive to peak CO2 emissions before 2030, and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. China is taking pragmatic actions to meet these goals. China's carbon peaking and carbon neutralization strategy is a major demand for the Global Climate Governance, which seeks to protecting Earth and foster a shared global community future. China’s efforts also address the countries’ internal demands for high-quality development, an ecologically-centered nation, and comprehensive management of the ecological environment. The carbon neutralization strategy involves in-depth transformation of social and economic development, with a view to achieve low- or even zero-carbon emissions and increase foreign exchange based on technological change. It is a major opportunity for sustainable development.
Carbonate rock is the material basis of karst development. This rock has recorded the environmental changes on the planet and is the largest carbon pool on Earth. Carbonate rock is important in the evolution of Earth’s atmosphere and life. The karst area of Earth is ~ 22 million km2, accounting for 15% of the land area. In China, the karst area of 3.44 million km2 accounts for 15.6% of the planet’s total karst area. The karst carbon cycle is active due to interactions between water, CO2, carbonate weathering, and biological pump. The karst carbon sink constitutes up to 0.824 Pg C/a, amounting for 29.4% of the terrestrial CO2 sink. In view of the important role and impact of karst process on the global carbon cycle, two documents published in China in 2021 proposed to consolidate and enhance the capacity of the karst carbon sink. “Working Guidance for Carbon Dioxide Peaking and Carbon Neutrality in Full and Faithful Implementation of the New Development Philosophy” was jointly released by the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council. “Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking Before 2030” was released by the State Council. However, the watershed scale effect and stability mechanism of karst carbon sink are not very clear, which creates uncertainty in studies of the karst carbon sink. To clarify the relationship between the neutralization effect of karst and the stability of karst carbon sink and help achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutralization, Acta Geoscientica Sinica has organized the special column “Karst process and carbon neutralization”. |
| keywords:karst process carbon cycle carbon neutralization watershed scale |
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