| 世界稀土产业格局变化与中国稀土产业面临的问题 |
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| 引用本文：郑国栋,王琨,陈其慎,张艳飞,邢佳韵,龙涛,董延涛,倪晋鹏.2021.世界稀土产业格局变化与中国稀土产业面临的问题[J].地球学报,42(2):265-272. |
| DOI：10.3975/cagsb.2020.102301 |
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| 基金项目:中国地质调查局地质调查项目(编号: DD20190674; DD20190827);中国工程院重大咨询研究项目(编号: 2017-ZD-15-05-01) |
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| 中文摘要:稀土元素在永磁材料等新材料领域有着广泛的应用, 被世界各主要国家列为战略资源。从资源、生产格局上看, 近年来随着世界范围内稀土探矿热潮的出现以及中国稀土资源的大量开发, 中国稀土资源优势地位正逐渐降低; 美国等西方国家大力推动中国之外稀土矿山和冶炼分离项目的建设, 全球稀土生产格局或将发生变化。从消费方面看, 稀土消费可被归为永磁材料、催化剂等8种最终用途; 永磁材料和催化剂占稀土消费量的60%, 永磁材料占稀土消费价值的91%; 中国、日本是全球最大的稀土消费国, 美国和欧洲国家次之。稀土产业经过多年的发展, 中国成为了全球唯一具有稀土全产业链的国家, 但在在发展的过程中也面临缺乏稀土产品定价权、资源快速消耗、高端材料和应用技术受制于人等方面的问题。针对中国稀土产业面临的问题, 提出了加强稀土产品研发和应用研究、构建稀土产业矿业航母等建议。 |
| 中文关键词:稀土 资源格局 生产格局 消费结构 问题 建议 |
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| The Change of World Rare Earth Industrial Structure and the Problems Faced by China's Rare Earth Industry |
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| Abstract:Rare earth elements have been widely used in new materials such as permanent magnet materials and are listed as strategic resources by major countries in the world. From the perspective of resource and production pattern, in recent years, with the emergence of the worldwide rare earth exploration boom and the massive mining of China's rare earth resources, China's dominant position in rare earth resources has been gradually decreasing. The United States and other Western countries are vigorously promoting the construction of rare earth mines and smelting and separation projects outside China, which may change the global rare earth production pattern. From the perspective of consumption, the consumption of rare earth can be classified into eight final uses, such as permanent magnet materials and catalysts. Permanent magnet materials and catalysts have accounted for 60% of the consumption of rare earth, while permanent magnet materials have accounted for 91% of the consumption value of rare earth. China and Japan are the world's largest consumers of rare earths, followed by the U.S. and European countries. After years of development, China has become the only country in the world with a complete rare earth industry chain. However, in the process of development, China is also faced with the problems such as lack of pricing power for rare earth products, rapid consumption of resources, and being disciplined by others in high-end materials and application technologies. In view of the problems faced by China's rare earth industry, this paper puts forward some suggestions, such as strengthening the research and development of rare earth products and application and building a mining aircraft carrier for the rare earth industry. |
| keywords:rare earth resource pattern production pattern consumption structure problem suggestion |
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