| 西藏尕尔勤矿床区域性土壤重金属元素地球化学特征及来源解析 |
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| 引用本文：刘青枰,邓时强,赵元艺,李小赛.2018.西藏尕尔勤矿床区域性土壤重金属元素地球化学特征及来源解析[J].地球学报,39(4):481-490. |
| DOI：10.3975/cagsb.2018.061502 |
| 摘要点击次数: 1930 |
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| 基金项目:中国地质调查局二级项目“西藏多龙矿床技术经济与环境综合评价”(编号: DD20160330);中国地质科学院院基本科研业务费“绿色矿山建设技术装备目录及绿色勘查要求研究”(编号: YK1710-0) |
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| 中文摘要:研究矿床开采前土壤重金属地球化学背景及其来源对后续矿床开采环境保护工作具有重要的指导意义。尕尔勤矿区位于多龙矿集区东南部, 隶属于西藏改则县物玛乡。前人研究成果主要集中在多龙矿集区成矿理论、地球化学、成矿流体方面, 而环境方面的研究匮乏。本文以尕尔勤矿区为例, 在研究区系统采集835件土壤样品, 测定了土壤样品中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As 7项重金属元素含量和pH值, 采用单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数法对尕尔勤矿区环境现状进行评价, 并结合GIS技术、多元统计学来研究矿区土壤重金属元素地球化学特征及重金属来源。结果表明, 研究区土壤呈碱性-强碱性, Cu、Pb、Hg的最大值含量均低于土壤环境质量GB15618—1995 Ⅲ级标准, 仅Cr的平均值超过Ⅲ级标准; 尕尔勤矿区土壤重金属累积程度具有Cr>As>Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb>Hg的特征, 内梅罗综合污染指数平均值为1.96, 表明有一定程度的累积; 除Hg无空间变化特征外, 其余6种元素均有一定程度空间分异特征。综合相关性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析结果将土壤重金属来源划分为具有相似地球化学过程的4组: (1)Pb、Zn、As、Cd主要来源于黄铁矿化学反应过程; (2)堆积的砂金矿尾矿是Cu的主要来源; (3)Cr具有大气沉降和母岩双重来源; (4)Hg来源于岩石自然风化。 |
| 中文关键词:土壤重金属 尕尔勤矿区 来源解析 多元统计 污染指数法 |
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| Sources Analysis and Element Geochemical Characteristics of Regional Soil Heavy Metals from the Ga’erqin Ore Deposit, Tibet |
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| Abstract:The study of geochemical background and source of soil heavy metals before ore mining has important guiding significance for environmental protection work in subsequent mining. The Ga’erqin mining area is located in the southeast of the Dulong ore concentration area, belonging to Wuma Township of Gaize County, Tibet. The previous research achievements mainly focused on metallogenic theory, geochemistry, and ore-forming fluid in the Duolong ore concentration area, but the achievements on environment were very insufficient. In this paper, taking the Ga’erqin mining area as an example, the authors systematically collected 835 soil samples in the study area, and measured the content and pH values of 7 heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As) in soil samples. The environmental status of the Ga’erqin mining area was evaluated by single factor pollution index method and Nemerow pollution index method. What’s more, in combination with GIS technique and multivariate statistics, the elemental geochemical characteristics and sources of heavy metals in the soil of the mining area were studied. The results show that the soil in the study area is alkaline-strongly alkaline, and the maximum values of Cu, Pb, and Hg are respectively lower than grade III standard of soil environmental quality (GB15618—1995), with only the average value of Cr exceeding grade III standard, that heavy metal cumulative pollution in soil of A mining area has the characteristics of Cr>As>Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb>Hg, and the average value of Nemerow comprehensive pollution index is 1.96, indicating a certain degree of accumulation, and that, except for Hg's non-spatial variation, the other six elements all have certain degree of spatial differentiation. Taking correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis results together, the authors classified soil heavy metal sources into four groups with similar geochemical processes: (1) Pb, Zn, As, and Cd originate mainly from chemical reaction process of pyrite; (2) stacked sand gold tailings are the main source of Cu; (3) Cr has dual sources of atmospheric deposition and parent rock; (4) Hg originates from natural weathering of rocks. |
| keywords:soil heavy metals Ga’erqin mining area source analysis multivariate statistics pollution index method |
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