| 稀土矿区环境调查SMAIMA方法体系、评价模型及其应用——以赣南离子吸附型稀土矿山为例 |
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| 引用本文：于扬,王登红,田兆雪,黄凡,赵芝,孙艳,李德先,何晗晗,邓茂春.2017.稀土矿区环境调查SMAIMA方法体系、评价模型及其应用——以赣南离子吸附型稀土矿山为例[J].地球学报,38(3):335-344. |
| DOI：10.3975/cagsb.2017.03.04 |
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| 基金项目:中国地质调查局项目(编号: 201200010063; 1212011220804; DD20160056; DD20160055; DD20160346);中央公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(编号: K1209) |
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| 中文摘要:本文以赣南典型稀土矿区为重点调查研究对象, 以岩(矿)石-风化壳-尾矿-水为系统, 采用多学科多方法协同, 对离子吸附型稀土(简称iRee)资源开采涉及到的水资源-环境效应进行了系统研究。提出了对采矿过程中的环境效应进行调查、检测、评估的工作方法体系, 即: 野外调查(S)—实验测试(M)—特征分析(A)—指标体系构建(I)—模型研究(M)—综合评价(A), 简称SMAIMA工作法。自2011年以来连续6年分季度系统采集550多件样品, 积累了近3万个可靠数据, 为iRee矿区及周边水质采样、特征分析、水污染源鉴别提供了依据。通过对iRee矿区及周边地表水中REE及理化指标时空变化特征的综合分析, 查明了污染的原因、途径。建立了针对iRee矿区的水环境质量评价指标体系, 构建了针对iRee矿区的水环境模糊综合评价模型。在水环境评价的基础上, 针对赣南稀土矿区的环境特点, 进一步构建了包括自然地理、基础地质、开发占地以及地质环境在内4大类、13小类的二级评价指标体系, 首次研建了基于支持向量机(SVM)的iRee矿山环境效应定量评价模型。运用该评价模型, 对龙南、安远、寻乌三个不同类型的稀土矿区(以龙南代表重稀土矿区、以安远代表中稀土矿区、以寻乌代表轻稀土矿区)的矿山环境进行了综合评价分级, 进而提出了iRee矿山环境保护和治理恢复的对策建议。 |
| 中文关键词:离子吸附型稀土矿山 环境效应 评价模型 SMAIMA工作方法 |
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| Establishment and Application of SMAIMA Working Method System and Environment Evaluation Model for Rare Earth Elements Mine:A Case Study of Ion-absorption Type REE Mines in Southern Jiangxi Province |
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| Abstract:In this paper, the typical rare earth mining area in southern Jiangxi Province was chosen as a case for research, using the rock (ore) stone - weathering crust - tailings - water as a system and combined with multi-disciplinary approach for a systematic study. The water resources - environmental effects of ion adsorption type rare earth resources were systematically studied. The authors put forward the working methods regarding to the environmental effects in the investigation, testing and assessment during mining process. The SMAIMA working method comprising field survey sampling (S) - experimental measurement (M) - characteristic analysis (A) - index system construction (I) - evaluation model study (M) - comprehensive analysis (A) was used to collect reliable data. It can provide the basis for the water sampling, characteristic analysis and the identification of water pollution sources near the rare earth mining area. The temporal and spatial characteristics of REE and physical and chemical indexes in ion - adsorbed rare earth mining area and surrounding surface water were analyzed, and the causes and ways of pollution were found out. The authors analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of REE and physical/chemical indexes in ion adsorbed rare earth mining area and surrounding surface water, figuring out the causes and ways of pollution. The purpose was to establish a water environmental quality evaluation index system and to construct a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of water environment for ion adsorbed rare earth mining area. On the basis of water environment evaluation, the secondary evaluation index system of four categories and 13 sub-categories including natural geography, basic geology, development land and geological environment was constructed according to the environmental characteristics of rare earth mining areas in Gannan. It is for the first time that a quantitative evaluation model of environmental effects of ion adsorbed rare earth mines based on support vector machine (SVM) is established. With this evaluation model, the mine environment of three different types of rare earth mining areas can be evaluated and rated (Longnan represents heavy rare earth mining area, An’yuan represents middle rare earth mining area and Xunwu represents light rare earth mining area). On such a basis, the authors put forward the countermeasures and suggestions for environmental protection and restoration of the ion adsorbed type rare earth mine. |
| keywords:ion adsorbed type rare earth mine environmental effect evaluation model SMAIMA working method |
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