| 国际深部大陆科学钻探装备研究进展 |
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| 引用本文：孙友宏,时元玲,王清岩.2016.国际深部大陆科学钻探装备研究进展[J].地球学报,37(s1):110-117. |
| DOI：10.3975/cagsb.2016.s1.09 |
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| 基金项目:国家专项“深部探测技术与实验研究”中“深部大陆科学钻探装备研制”项目(编号: SinoProbe-09-05) |
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| 中文摘要:大陆科学钻探是获取地下实物信息的唯一手段, 具有钻进地层条件复杂、取芯要求特殊、对钻探工具及装备要求高等特点。美国和德国的先进钻探装备代表了国际深部钻探装备的发展方向; 近十年来, 国内深井和超深井钻机研制取得了较快发展; 本文着重分析了美国NOV理想钻机、德国海瑞克TI-350全液压钻机、中国“地壳一号”万米钻机。国际大陆科学钻探装备关键技术包括顶部驱动钻井技术、钻探装备自动化技术、钻探装备信息化技术。顶部驱动钻井技术利用顶驱装置取代孔口转盘驱动钻杆回转, 钻井作业的能力和效率得到显著提高; 钻探装备自动化技术以实现安全、可靠、高效地运移及拧卸钻具为目的, 主要包括自动猫道、自动摆排管装置和自动上卸扣装置; 钻探装备信息化技术是伴随着现代机电液一体化控制技术和随钻测量技术发展起来的, 通过对地面与井下数据的联合分析, 实现数据综合解释和自主钻进。未来深部大陆科学钻探装备的研制应秉承安全、可靠、高效、节能、舒适的设计理念, 以实现自动化、智能化、信息化钻井为发展目标。 |
| 中文关键词:深部 科学钻探 钻探装备 自动化 智能化 信息化 |
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| Research Progress of International Deep Continental Scientific Drilling Equipment |
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| Abstract:Deep continental scientific drilling is the only means to obtain the tangible information in earth interior, most of which need to penetrate complicated formation and acquire core with specific requirements, and thus the drilling equipment and drilling tools used in deep continental scientific drilling should perform very well. The advanced drilling equipment developed by the United States and Germany represents the trend of the international deep drilling equipment. The domestic deep and ultra-deep drilling rig has made a great progress in the last decade. In this paper, Ideal Rig (1500 HP) of National Oilwell Varco, the TERRA INVADER 350(TI-350) of Herrenknecht, and the “Crust I” myriametre continental scientific drilling rig were analyzed emphatically. The key technologies of advanced deep continental scientific drilling equipment are likewise represented in this paper, which include the top drive drilling technique, automation technology of drilling equipment, and information technology of drilling equipment. The top drive drilling technique provides a new method to drive the drilling tools by using the top driver, which could replace the rotary table, and will improve the drilling rig’s operation capability and increase drilling efficiency significantly. The automation technology of drilling equipment is used to transfer and screw the drill pipes automatically with the characteristic of safe, reliable, high efficiency, which is normally composed by automatic catwalks, pipe auto-handling device, and intelligent iron roughneck. The information technology of drilling equipment, pullulating based on the modern mechanical and electrical integration of liquid control technology and MWD technology, could realize data interpretation and drilling autonomously through analyzing the data gained from the ground equipment and downhole conditions. According to drilling equipment’s performance requirements and design concept of safe, reliable, high efficiency, energy saving and comfortable, the future direction of deep drilling equipment is proposed, which include automatic, intelligent, and information. |
| keywords:Deep Scientific Drilling Drilling Equipment Automation Intelligent Information |
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