| 我国蒙新地区近40年来湖泊动态变化与气候耦合 |
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| 引用本文：闫立娟,郑绵平.2014.我国蒙新地区近40年来湖泊动态变化与气候耦合[J].地球学报,35(4):463-472. |
| DOI：10.3975/cagsb.2014.04.08 |
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| 基金项目:国土资源部公益性科研专项(编号: 201011001)；国家自然科学重点基金项目(编号: 40531002)和中国地质调查局地质调查项目(编号: 1212011120046; 1212010511901) |
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| 中文摘要:湖泊对气候变化有着敏感的反应, 是气候变化的镜子。本文以RS和GIS技术为基础, 从20世纪70年代、90年代、2000年前后和2010年前后四期Landsat遥感影像中提取了我国内蒙古和新疆所有湖泊信息, 建立了蒙新地区湖泊空间数据库。一方面, 用ArcGIS软件对研究区湖泊信息进行了统计和空间分析, 从时间和空间上分析了蒙新地区湖泊从20世纪70年代至2010年前后近40年湖泊的动态变化情况; 另一方面, 选取了蒙新地区面积大于5 km2的所有湖泊, 逐个分析其在四个时期的变化情况, 并根据变化结果进行分区。从20世纪70年代至90年代, 内蒙古东南部和新疆西部的湖泊呈现萎缩的趋势, 其余地区则在扩张; 20世纪90年代至2000年前后, 内蒙古东南部湖泊呈现萎缩的趋势, 内蒙古北部和新疆全区湖泊呈现扩张的趋势; 从2000年前后至2010年前后, 内蒙古东北部和新疆西部的湖泊呈现萎缩的趋势, 其余地区湖泊呈现扩张的趋势。在全球气候变暖的背景下, 本文分析了蒙新地区40个气象台站的气温、降雨量和蒸发量数据, 可知: 近40年来, 蒙新地区气温持续上升; 2000年之前, 内蒙古的降雨量呈增加的趋势, 2000年之后骤减, 而新疆大部分地区的降雨量呈增加的趋势; 蒙新地区蒸发量整体呈现减少的趋势。湖泊的动态变化基本上与气候的变化趋势相吻合。最后, 笔者以新疆博斯腾湖为例, 分析了湖泊变化的影响因素: 气候环境和人类活动。 |
| 中文关键词:内蒙古 新疆 湖泊 遥感 气候 |
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| Dynamic Changes of Lakes in Inner Mongolia–Xinjiang Region and the Climate Interaction in the Past Forty Years |
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| Abstract:Lake change, as a mirror of climate change, has sensitive responses to climate change. The authors extracted information of all lakes in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang from Landsat of the 1970’s, the 1990’s, around 2000 and 2010 based on RS and GIS and developed the spatial database of lakes. On the one hand, through a statistic analysis of lake spatial data using ArcGIS, the authors detected the dynamic changes of lakes in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang from the 1970’s to 2010 or so in the light of time and space. On the other hand, some representative lakes whose area is larger than 5 km2 were selected to analyze the dynamic changes one by one, and division of these lakes into expansion area and atrophy area was made according to the dynamic changes. From the 1970’s to the 1990’s, lakes in south Inner Mongolia and west Xinjiang were shrunk whereas lakes in other places of the study region tended to expand. From the 1990’s to 2000, lakes in south Inner Mongolia were shrunk whereas lakes in north Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang were expanded. From 2000 to 2010, lakes in east Inner Mongolia and west Xinjiang were shrunk whereas other lakes were expanded. Under the background of the global climate warming, the authors analyzed annual mean temperature, annual rainfall and annual evaporation data of forty meteorological stations, and reached some conclusions based on the data obtained: in the past forty years, annual mean temperature in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang kept rising; annual rainfall in Inner Mongolia had kept growing before 2000 but decreased suddenly after 2000, and annual rainfall in most part of Xinjiang tended to increase; annual evaporation in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang tended to decrease. Dynamic changes of lakes in Inner Mongolia–Xinjiang region were consistent with the variation tendency of climate. With the Boston Lake of Xinjiang as an example, the authors finally analyzed the factors responsible for the lake changes, i.e., climatic environment and human activity. |
| keywords:Inner Mongolia Xinjiang lake remote sensing climate |
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