| 纳木错湖相沉积与藏北高原古大湖 |
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| 引用本文：朱大岗,孟宪刚,赵希涛,吴珍汉,冯向阳,吴中海,邵兆刚,刘琦胜.2001.纳木错湖相沉积与藏北高原古大湖[J].地球学报,22(2):149-155. |
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| 基金项目:中国地质科学院地质调查项目“西藏纳木错地区第四纪环境演变调查研究”(项目编号DKD2001006)，“西藏当雄幅1∶25万区域地质调查”(项目编号DKD9901001) |
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| 中文摘要:藏北高原古湖岸线分布广泛，湖相沉积与湖成地貌发育，目前，在纳木错沿岸可清晰地划分出4-6级湖岸阶地，最高湖相沉积高出现代湖面150m，沿岸堤可多达50条，雄曲-那曲谷地是连接纳木错盆地与其以西的仁错-久如错盆地的分水谷地，也是构成纳木错2湖岸阶地顶部的第四纪湖相沉积，构成宽谷的谷底，从最高湖岸线的分布与湖相沉积物、湖成地貌等标志综合判定，古大湖泊的面积要比现代湖泊面积大数十倍，末次古大湖的时代发生于末次冰期间冰段。 |
| 中文关键词:纳木错 湖相沉积 古大湖 末次冰期间冰段 藏北高原 |
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| Nam Tso Lacustrine Sediments and the Ancient Big Lake in Northern Tibet Plateau |
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| Abstract:The ancient lakeshore is distributed extensively in northern Tibet plateau, and the lake sediments as well as the lake landform are well developed. At present, 4～6 grades of lake terraces around the Nam Tso can be distinctly recognized, which exceed the modern surface of the Nam Tso in altitude by 3～12 m, 15～22 m, 25～30 m, 35～45 m and 60～150 m, respectively. The first, second and third grades of terraces are all built terraces, and the fourth to sixth grades of terraces are also built terrace in plain area, but are base seat terraces at the sloping foot of the bedrock hill. These terraces are all composed of well-sorted sand, silt, clay and sub-clay with horizontal bedding and sometimes distinct tiny bedding. The highest lake sediments are 150 m higher than the modern surface of the lake. On the smooth lake terrace 40 m below the morden lake surface are tens of (more than 50) lakeshore mounds composed of lakeside gravels. Along the bank of the Nam Tso and on the islands of the lake, various kinds of lake-erosion topographies can be seen, probably related to the change of the surface of the lake. The EW-trending Xiongqu-Naqu valley, 30 km in length and 1.5～3.5 km in width, connects with the Namucuo basin and the Rencuo-Jiurucuo basin in the west. In the eastern part of the valley, it connects with a new NWW-trending valley. Nearby the watershed of the valley and on its east and west sides, Quaternary lake sediments comprising the top of the second lake terrace of the Nam Tso becomes the bottom of the wide valley, indicating that the Nam Tso and the Rencuo-Jiurucuo on its west seem to have been a connected big lake when the third and second grade lake terrace of the Nam Tso were formed. Besides, the watershed between the Rencuo and the Mujiucuo on its west is as wide as 8 km with the elevation lower than 4 700 m, and its height above the Rencuogongma does not exceed 50 m, which suggests that the Nam Tso and the Selincuo also constistuted a connectied big lake rather than being two lakes linked together by rivers when the third and second grade lake terrace of the Nam Tso were formed. These two periods and the period during which the fourth grade of lake terrace and higher lake sediments of the Nam Tso were piled up belong to the several high lake surface stages in the growing history of ancient big lake in northern Tibet, and the highest lake surface stage of the Nam Tso, the Shencuo and the Bamucuo and most ancient lakes in the southeast part of northern Tibet plateau were all connected, which can be called ancient Qiangtang East Lake. The Zharinanmucuo and the Xurucuo and other ancient lakes in the southwest of northern Tibetan plateau were also connected, which can be called ancient Qiangtang West Lake. Furthermore, the two ancient lakes were probably linked with each other in a particular period, and became genuine ancient Qiangtang Lake. According to the distribution of the highest lakeshore and the marks of the lake sediments, it is suggested that the area of the ancient big lakes in northern Tibet is tens of times bigger than that of modern lakes. The last time of the formation of the ancient big lake occurred during the interval epoch of the last ice age. |
| keywords:Nam Tso lacustrine sediment ancient big lake interstadial epoch of the last ice age northern Tibet Plateau |
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