| 按大地构造观点进行中国地震地质区划的尝试 |
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| 引用本文：黄汲清.1979.按大地构造观点进行中国地震地质区划的尝试[J].地球学报,1(1):18-31. |
| DOI：10.3975/cagsb.1979.01.0x |
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| 中文摘要:在先前的几篇文章中，著者把自中生代以来中国的大地构造格局划分为三大构造域：滨太平洋构造城，特提斯喜马拉雅构造域和古亚洲构造域，并简略地讨论了它们的发展特点。新构造运动，包括有史以来的地震活动在内，是三大构造域活动的继续，所以我们认为中国的地震地质区划也和大地构造区划一样，,表现为三大构造地震域，简称三大地震域，即滨太平洋地震域，特提斯喜马拉雅地震域和古亚洲地震域。既然滨太平洋构造域是太平洋板块向亚洲俯冲的结果，那么，滨太平洋地震域也应当是太平洋板块向亚洲俯冲的结果；特提斯喜马拉雅构造城既然是印度板块向亚洲板块碰撞的结果，那么，特提斯喜马拉雅地震域也应当是印度板块向亚洲板块碰撞的结果，它们两者之间的分界就是有名的南北地震带，后者是太平洋板块和印度洋板块两个应力场所形成的干涉带。这样的地震地质区划是和一些地球物理学家的观点完全一致的。古亚洲构造域的主体是西伯利亚地台和蒙古皱褶系。整个说来它的地震活动性表现得很微弱，只有蒙古西部，特别是阿尔泰地区有若干强震，这可能仍是受印度板块碰撞的结果。而贝加尔裂谷型地震活动可能是北冰洋中脊地震活动带的南延。因为这些地区已不再中国境内，本文不作讨论。下文仅就大地构造观点来谈谈中国的地震地质区别。 |
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| AN ATTEMPT TO THE SEISMOGEOLOGICAL REGIONALIZATION OF CHINA ACCORDING TO THE TECTONIC POINT OF VIEW |
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| Abstract:The territory of China can be subdivided into the following seismogeologcal regions andzones.
Marginal Pacific Seismic Domain (Seismic Domain of Eastern China):
Inner Domain: Strong Seismic Region of Taiwan; Deep Seismic Region of Yenji and Mulin
Outer Domain: (Intraplate Seismic Domain) Northern, Weak Seismic Region; Central, Strong Seismic Region (Sino-Korean Paraplatform); Southern, Weak Seismic Region.
North-South Seismic Zone:Interference zone between Eastern and Western Seismic Domain. Tethys-Himalayan Seismic Domain (Seismic Domian of Western China): Inner Domain, Chiefly Himalayan Seismic Zone; Outer Domian (Intraplate Seismic Domian); Northern, Strong Seismic Region; Central, Weak Seismic Region (Tarim Platform); Southern, Strong Seismic Region.
The Strong Sesismio Gegion of the Sino-Korem Paraplatform is further subdividea into:(1)Tranquil Zone of the Ordos; (2)Western, Strong Seismic zone; (3)Weak Seismic Zone of the Taihangshan Uplift; (4)Central, Strong Seismic Zone; (5)Eastern, Strong Seismic Zone; (6)Intermediate Seismic Zone of Jiaoliao; (7)Strong Seismic Zone of the Northern Marginal Fault of the Huaiyang Massif; (8)Weak Seismic Zone of the Nei Monggol (Inner Mongolian) Axis.
China is dominated by three stess fields. The Pla-Asiatic stress field in the north is no more active since Cenozoic time. The Marginal Pacific stress field, corresponding to the Marginal Pacific Seismic Domian, is induced by the westward drift of the Pacific Plates. The Tethys-Himalayan stress field, corresponding to the Tethys-Himalayan seismic Domian, is induced by the northward drift of the Indian Plate.
The Sino-Korean Paraplatform, being composed of granitic rocks, is a rigid body and is characterized by generally NE-SW or NNE-SSW directed deep fault zones, which, when acted upon by E-W compression coming from the Pacific Plate, will cause sudden displacement with dextral shear movements resulting in strong earthquakes. The Northern and Southern, Weak Seismic Regious, being composed of non-grantic rocks, "yield" easily under compression so that strong earthquake seldom occur.
Like Ordors, the Tarim Platform is a rigid massif, and is accordingly devoid of strong earthquekes. On the other hand, the Tibetan Plateau, being acted upon at right angles by the strong compression from the Indian Plate, is characterized by many strong earthquakes and this northward drive causes the Tarim Platform to transfer the stress to the Tienshan, resulting in strong earthquakes in the latter region.
The North-South Seismic Zone, being acted upon by stress both from the Indian Plate and the Pacific Plate, is domianed by strong earthquakes and is therefore considered as the interference zone of the two stress fields.
Tapponier is of the opinion that the earthquake of the Sino-Korean Paraplatform are directly connected with the drifting of the Indian Plate. The author thinks this is unlikely. Sino the Cenozoic tectonic history of the Sino-Korean Paraplatform forms a part of the hist eory of the Marginal Pacific Tectonic Domian, the author prefers to consider the seismicity of the Paraplatform as belonging to the Marginal Pacific Seismic Domian.
Serveral rules govern the production of strong earthquakes.(1)The majority of strong earthquakes occur on deep faults, esp. at the intersection areas of two systems of these faults. (2)In the case of parallel fault zone, when the eastern zone, acted upon by western stress, bursts into strong earthquakes, the western zone often shows weak earthquakes, and vice versa. This means that the western zone is pretected by the eastern zone, in other words, the eastern zone acts as a screen. We call this phenomenon the screen effect. (3)Depressions, esp. Cenozoic depression, often coincide with strong seismic zones while uplifts are characterized by waek earthquakes. (4)Migration of seismic epiceuters often occurs both transversely and longitudinally with regard to the faults. Along a deep fault zone strong earthquakes are localized in resistant sections while smooth sections are free from them. |
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