| 冈底斯成矿带东段矿床成矿系列及找矿突破的关键问题研究 |
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| 引用本文：唐菊兴,多吉,刘鸿飞,郎兴海,张金树,郑文宝,应立娟.2012.冈底斯成矿带东段矿床成矿系列及找矿突破的关键问题研究[J].地球学报,33(4):393-410. |
| DOI：10.3975/cagsb.2012.04.02 |
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| 基金项目:由国家自然科学基金项目(编号: 41172077)；国家973项目(编号: 2011CB403103)；青藏专项(编号: 1212011085529)；地质大调查项目“全国重要矿产和区域成矿规律研究”(编号: 1212010733803)；西藏天圆矿业资源开发有限公司项目（编号: 2006G-07）；中国黄金集团项目(编号: E0804) |
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| 中文摘要:冈底斯成矿带是我国最重要的资源接续基地之一, 其中冈底斯岩浆弧(III43)是最重要的III级成矿带, 研究程度最高在拉孜县-工布江达县长约600 km、宽约90 km范围内, 已发现并评价了5个超大型矿集区: 雄村铜金矿集区, 厅宫-冲江铜多金属矿集区, 甲玛-驱龙-邦铺铜多金属矿矿集区, 蒙亚啊-洞中拉-亚贵拉多金属矿集区, 程巴-努日钨钼铜矿集区。根据近年来的研究成果, 厘定出与海西期火山作用、海西期裂谷构造有关的铅锌银矿床成矿系列组、印支-燕山期与沉积-构造岩浆作用有关的铜、金、铁、铅锌、银、钼矿床成矿系列组以及冈底斯成矿带内喜山期与构造岩浆、沉积作用有关的铜、金、铁、铅锌、银、钼、钨、铀、盐类矿床成矿系列组, 包括6个矿床成矿系列和10个成矿亚系列。主要的矿床成矿亚系列为: 与早侏罗世-晚侏罗世岛弧型中酸性火山岩-浅成岩建造有关的铜、金、银、铅锌矿床成矿亚系列, 成矿年龄 173~160 Ma, 雄村外围和拉萨以东广泛分布的叶巴组分布区是其主要找矿远景区; 与古新世-始新世中酸性火山-中浅成岩浆建造有关的铅锌、银、钼、钨、铁矿床成矿亚系列(沙让式、亚贵拉式、洞中拉式), 成矿年龄在65~38 Ma, 林周盆地-南木林盆地及其北侧的隆格尔断隆带是主要的找矿远景区; 与中新世中酸性浅成岩浆建造有关的铜、钼、铅锌、钨、金、银矿床成矿亚系列(驱龙式、甲玛式、冲江-厅宫式、朱诺式、邦铺式), 成矿年龄17~13 Ma, 冈底斯成矿带东段中带是主要的找矿远景区, 尤其是含矿斑岩体接触带的矽卡岩型铜多金属矿, 如新发现的普桑果矽卡岩型铜铅锌矿。成矿元素从南往北的分布规律为Cu-Au(斑岩型)→Mo-W(Cu)(斑岩-矽卡岩型)→Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn(Au、Ag)(斑岩-矽卡岩型)→Mo(Cu)(斑岩)→Pb-Zn-Mo-W-Fe(斑岩-矽卡岩型)→Pb、Zn(Ag)(热液脉型)。成矿时代从南往北的规律为173~154 Ma(雄村)→40~20 Ma(努日-程巴等)→17~13 Ma(驱龙、甲玛等)→65~38 Ma(沙让、亚贵拉等)。冈底斯成矿带强烈的燕山晚期、喜山期的黑云母花岗岩(花岗斑岩、石英斑岩)岩浆活动控制了矽卡岩型铜铅锌铁钼矿床的分布, 形成岩体中Cu、Mo、W矿化, 外围接触带(0~4 km)灰岩与黑色岩系的层间构造中的Mo-W-Cu-Zn-Pb-Ag-Au矿化分带, 主要的含矿岩系组合是灰岩(大理岩)+黑色板岩、凝灰岩、砂板岩。主要的含矿层位为晚石炭-早二叠世昂杰组、来姑组, 二叠纪的洛巴堆组、下拉组, 中侏罗世多底沟组与晚侏罗世林布宗组层间构造。按照“缺位”理论预测燕山晚期-喜山早期(126~40 Ma)念青唐古拉地区矽卡岩型多金属矿附近的斑岩钼(铜)矿等5种主要矿床类型和雄村铜金矿外围, 拉萨以东叶巴组(J2y)大面积分布地区等4个主要预测区, 提出了增生楔中的造山型金矿的找矿突破、推覆-滑覆构造控岩控矿模型的构建等当前找矿突破中的关键地质问题。 |
| 中文关键词:矿床成矿系列 斑岩型 矽卡岩型 冈底斯成矿带 西藏 |
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| Minerogenetic Series of Ore Deposits in the East Part of the Gangdise Metallogenic Belt |
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| Abstract:The Gangdese metallogenic belt is one of the most important continual basements for mineral resources in China. The Lhasa Terrane (Gangdise magmatic arc, III43) is one of the most significant third-level (III) metallogenic belts. There is a region from Lhaze County to Gongbo’gyamda County which is 600 km long and 90 km wide and has been studied in detail. There are five ore concentrated areas with the superlarge size Cu polymetallic deposits based on exploration and evaluation: Xiongcun Cu-Au ore concentrated area, Tinggong-Chongjiang Cu polymetallic ore concentrated area, Jiama-Qulong-Bangpu Cu polymetallic ore concentrated area, Mengyaa-Dongzhongla-Yaguila polymetallic ore concentrated area, and Chengba-Nuri W-Mo-Cu ore concentrated area. The research in recent years shows that there are five groups of minerogenetic series composed of Pb-Zn-Ag minerogenetic series group related to Hercynian volcanism and rift valley, Cu-Au-Fe-Pb-Zn-Ag-Mo minerogenetic series group related to Indo-Chinese and Yanshanian sedimentation-tectonic magmatism, Cu-Au-Fe-Pb-Zn-Ag-Mo-W-U-salt deposits minerogenetic series group related to Himalayan tectonic magmatism and sedimentation in the Gangdise metallogenic belt, which are composed of six minerogenetic series and ten subseries of ore deposits. The major subserieses include Cu-Au-Ag-Pb-Zn subseries related to Early Jurassic-Late Jurassic arc-type intermediate-felsic volcanic-supergene rock formation between 173 Ma and 160 Ma in the Yaba Formation in the periphery of Xiongcun and east of Lhasa with a promising potential; Pb-Zn-Ag-Mo-W-Fe subseries (Sharang style, Yaguila style and Dongzhongla style) related to Paleocene-Eocene intermediate-felsic volcanic rock and intermediate-supergene rock formation between 65 Ma and 38 Ma in the Linzhou Basin-Nanmulin Basin and Longger dislocated upwarping belt in the north with a promising potential; Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn-W-Au-Ag subseries (Qulong style, Jiama style, Chongjiang-Tinggong style, Zhunuo style and Bangpu style) related to Miocene intermediate-felsic supergene rock formation between 17 Ma and 13 Ma in the central zone of the east Gangdise metallogenic belt with a promising potential, especially the skarn-type Cu polymetallic deposits in the contact zone of ore-bearing porphyry. The distribution of metals from south to north are Cu-Au (porphyry type)→Mo-W(Cu) (porphyry-skarn type)→Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn (Au-Ag) (porphyry-skarn type)→Mo (Cu) (porphyry type)→Pb-Zn-Mo-W-Fe (porphyry-skarn type) →Pb-Zn (Ag) (hydrothermal vein type). The metallogenic ages from south to north are 173–154 Ma (Xiongcun)→40–20 Ma(Chongmuda etc.)→17–13 Ma (Qulong, Jiama etc.)→65–38 Ma (Sharang, Yaguila etc.). Biotite granite (granite porphyry, quartz porphyry) magmatic activities of Late Yanshanian and Late Himalayanian periods in Gangdise controls the distribution of skarn type Cu-Pb-Zn-Fe-Mo ore deposits. Most skarn type ore deposits occur in the intrusion or the surrounding area within 0-4 km from the intrusion with Cu, Mo, W mineralizations. There are Mo-W-Cu- Zn-Pb-Ag-Au ore bodies occurring in the interlaminar structure between limestone and black rocks in the external contact zone. The major host rock assemble is limestone (marble) + black slate, tuff, sand-slate. The ore-bearing strata include Late Cretaceous-Early Permian Angjie Formation and Laigu Formation, Permian Luobadui Formation and Xiala Formation, and interlaminar structure between Middle Jurassic Duodigou Formation and Late Jurassic Linbuzong Formation. There are five major types of ore deposits, i.e., the skarn type polymetallic deposit close to porphyry Mo (Cu) deposit of Late Yanshanian-Early Himalayanian periods (126–40 Ma) in Nyainqentanglha region and four major promising areas such as the Yeba Formation (J2y) in the east of Lhasa based on the “vacancy” theory. Some significant opinions are proposed such as the exploration breakthrough for orogenic Au deposits in the accretionary wedge and the model of the overthrust-slide nappe structure controlling the magmatism and mineralization. |
| keywords:minerogenetic series of ore deposits porphyry-type skarn-type Gangdise metallogenic belt Tibet |
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